Acid Base Balance | Arterial Blood Gas NCLEX & Nursing School Exams Like A Boss

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ACID BASE BALANCE NCLEX QUIZ QUESTIONS

Question 1: The acid base balance system consists of the following buffer systems? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

1. Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation System
2. Hemoglobin System
3. Plasma Protein System
4. Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate System
5. Phosphate Buffer System
6. Potassium-Hydrogen Exchange

 

Question 2: The nurse is caring for a 64-year-old patient with metabolic acidosis. The patient’s potassium levels are increasing with every morning lab results. Why is the potassium increasing with metabolic acidosis?

1. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system is excreting carbon dioxide causing the potassium to rise
2. The phosphate buffer system is excreting potassium through the kidneys
3. The body is protecting itself from the acidic state by moving hydrogen ions into the cells causing potassium to move out to make room for the hydrogen ions.
4. Hydrogen ions are released into the blood to increase acidity causing potassium levels to increase

 

Question 3: The lungs are the second line of defense for the body. In acidosis, the pH will _________ and the carbon dioxide levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

 

Question 4: The lungs are the second line of defense for the body. In alkalosis, the pH will _________ and the carbon dioxide levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

 

Question 5: The kidneys provide more corrective responses to acid-base balance. In acidosis, the pH will _________ and the bicarbonate levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

 

Question 6: The kidneys provide more corrective responses to acid-base balance. In alkalosis, the pH will _________ and the bicarbonate levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

 

ACID BASE BALANCE NCLEX QUIZ QUESTIONS

Question 1: The acid base balance system consists of the following buffer systems? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

1. Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation System
2. Hemoglobin System
3. Plasma Protein System
4. Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate System
5. Phosphate Buffer System
6. Potassium-Hydrogen Exchange

Hemoglobin system maintains acid-base balance by a process called chloride shift. Plasma protein system functions with the liver to manipulate the amount of hydrogen ions in the chemical structure of plasma proteins. Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate System is the primary buffer system of the body as it excretes carbon dioxide by the lungs and controls bicarbonate with the kidneys. Phosphate buffer system help maintain intracellular acid base balance. Potassium-Hydrogen ion exchange occurs when the body is either in an acidosis or alkalosis state. The oxyhemoglobin dissociation system does not exist.

 

Question 2: The nurse is caring for a 64-year-old patient with metabolic acidosis. The patient’s potassium levels are increasing with every morning lab results. Why is the potassium increasing with metabolic acidosis?

1. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system is excreting carbon dioxide causing the potassium to rise
2. The phosphate buffer system is excreting potassium through the kidneys
3. The body is protecting itself from the acidic state by moving hydrogen ions into the cells causing potassium to move out to make room for the hydrogen ions.
4. Hydrogen ions are released into the blood to increase acidity causing potassium levels to increase

Potassium plays a major role in maintaining acid base balance. The body exchanges potassium by drawing hydrogen ions into the cell causing the serum potassium levels to rise. Potassium level changes to compensate for hydrogen ions.

 

Question 3: The lungs are the second line of defense for the body. In acidosis, the pH will _________ and the carbon dioxide levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

In acidosis, the pH levels will decrease, the carbon dioxide (acid) levels will increase, and the respiratory rate/depth will increase in an attempt to exhale acids. Carbonic acid is created by neutralizing action of the bicarbonate. Carbonic acid is reduced to carbon dioxide and water, hydrogen ions are in activated, and exhaled through respirations.

 

Question 4: The lungs are the second line of defense for the body. In alkalosis, the pH will _________ and the carbon dioxide levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

In alkalosis, the pH levels will increase, the carbon dioxide (acid) levels will decrease, and the respiratory rate/depth will decrease in an attempt to retain carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid increases to neutralize and decrease the strength of the excess bicarbonate.

 

Question 5: The kidneys provide more corrective responses to acid-base balance. In acidosis, the pH will _________ and the bicarbonate levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

In acidosis, the pH levels will decrease, bicarbonate levels will decrease, and excess bicarbonate is secreted into the tubules and combine with buffers for excretion in the urine.

 

Question 6: The kidneys provide more corrective responses to acid-base balance. In alkalosis, the pH will _________ and the bicarbonate levels will __________.

1. Decrease; Increase
2. Increase; Decrease
3. Increase; Increase
4. Decrease; Decrease

In alkalosis, the pH levels will increase, bicarbonate levels will increase, and the kidneys restore bicarbonate by excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions.